Photos from Production Tests

End of Production

With the production part of my thesis finished up, I'm pretty amazed at how much I have accomplished. My thesis has gone in a slightly new direction with the adaptation of Different audio in the helmet piece. All of the feedback that I have received is really what has my confidence at the level that I'm at currently. The only thing still bothering me is a space and I'm going to try to tackle that as soon as possible. The next few weeks are dedicated to getting the helmets made and everything ready for when I get my space. I will of course still be tweaking concept, but all of the work from this latter half of the semester has payed off for my conceptual basis. I can see the end of the tunnel, now I just need to keep striving through to the end.

Response Sheet

GENERATION OF WARRIORS RESPONSE SHEET

NAME:

DATE:

HELMET PIECE

When wearing the helmet, what do you experience?

Is there any imagery you associate with the sound composition?

How does wearing the helmet affect the space you inhabit?

What suggestions do you have to further the experience and message?

PROJECTION PIECE

When interacting with the installation, how does the media presented guide your thought?

What commentary does the different channels of the piece share with their counterparts?

What could aid the piece in better assisting with the broadening of ideas surrounding the critique of media?

Projection Plan

I have gathered all of the needed materials and will assemble the projection piece for tests on Monday. The main piece of the project that I want to bounce off of others is how the pieces are organized. All of the clips are different lengths, and I think that I'm going to add blank space after the streams until the others end. I guess I'll see how others feel about that.

Production

Responses from those who have encountered the helmet piece (11/2)

- Immediately disorienting

- Found to be more effective when “active” and “complex”

- One subject wanted it louder, the others were pleased.

- While wearing it myself, the idea of mixing the sound to be directional would add to the “disorienting” nature of the piece.

- Volume also plays a large part in creating depth in the mix.

- My goal is to create a space within the helmet for the viewer to inhabit.

October Plans

Production book stuff

1. PRODUCTION OUTLINE

A.) The installations will be based in sound and video, utilizing constructed/found objects in conjunction

B.) The intended audience is the general public who attend galley shows

C.) The thesis body plans to explore the relationship that the media has in how we digest conflict. Through repurposing of media sources and strategies of comparison and reevaluation, the viewer will be able to liberate the images given to them by the news sources and create stimulation thought and conversation surrounding them.

D.) The themes explored will be: Mass media saturation, the idea of War as myth, Political elitism, political voice, experience of conflict

E.) My relationship to subject and theme is one of direct experience. I am reacting to these issues and making art.

F.) War, democracy, myth, 9/11, sensationalism are also major subject in the work.

G.) Using current media sources, the installations comment on the nature of how information is transmitted and the news media affects it. The digital nature of the conflicts we enter comment on how we deal with them and their lasting effects

H.) I plan to show and discuss pieces in the department before the final show of all of the work

I.) My approach is one of layering and comparison. Although I present my ideas in a way of which my opinion is there, it does not overtake the audience, and will allow for open though

J.) No collaborations yet. Possible help from others with installation

K.) Various electrical components, speakers, computers, found media footage, final cut pro, soundtrack pro, headphones,

2. FIELD NOTES, OBSERVATIONS, AND RESEARCH

A.) Richard Mosse, Alfredo Jaar, Janet Cardiff have inspired the ideas behind the thesis.

B.) Some of the theories and subjects that inform the work are post-colonialism, media critique in the form of Noam Chomsky, and some of the post-modern philosophy of Slavjo Zizek

C.) I have been watching multiple news sources, as well as taking in films, movies, and television sources to see how some subjects within the work are treated in the world.

D.) The most problematic aspect of producing my thesis will be to keep true to the concept and not get caught up on small aspects.

E.) The biggest support for my production of the thesis is the sincerity of my feelings towards the subject.

F.) Most of my research has been in the way of literature. I have read Slavjo Zizek, Edward Siad, Chris Hedges, Evan Wright, and Lance Bellet. I have also watched the documentaries Armadillo, Wall, and The Oath. So far from interviews, I have discussed the subjects with friends who are Veterans and others who I have met with knowledge of the conflicts.

G.) Possible subjects and imagery include: Digital War, Digital Camouflage, images of the political process, and images of home front reaction to the conflicts

H.) I plan on creating preliminary compositions to screen with the department and other artists along with the same for videos. Drawings and explanations of the installation topics will also be utilized.

4. RESEARCH OUTLINE

A.) Books:

Orientalism by Edward Said

The Edward Said Reader by Moustafa Bayoumi and Andrew Rubin

War is the Force That Gives Life Meaning by Chris Hedges

Generation Kill Evan Wright

News: The Politics of Illusion by W. Lance Bennett

In Defense of Lost Causes by Slavjo Zizek

B.) Films:

Percepolis by Marjane Satrapi

Wall by Simone Bitton

The Oath by Laura Poitras

Armadillo by Janus Metz Pedersen

Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media by Mark Achbar and Peter Wintlock

C.) Internet research has mainly been based around Wikipedia articles for guidance on what to read on as well as the Magnum website.

D.) Outsiders that I have discussed my project would mainly be considered my family, even though the experiences brought out in the piece have no real outsiders.

E.) I have not contacted any experts as of yet, as I don’t know what would define an expert in this situation

6. BUDGET

(1)Replica helmet $30

(1) Projector (rental) $400

(4) dvd players $100

(3)Extension cords $50

(1) mp3 player $25

(1) set of headphones $30

(?) Gallery Bulbs $20

(3) Podiums $100

(100) Post cards $0

Podium Supplies $60

Materials for install in gallery $100

Concessions for opening $60

Total: $975

Rounding up midterm ideas

As I have finished the pre production portion of my thesis, my ideas have converged into a fairly honed mesh of media critical work. Engaging with the ideas of Noam Chomsky really brought light to a lot of ideas brewing in my head. Although I have many ideas surrounding colonialism, conflict, democracy, and news media, I have funneled all of the concept into what the pieces all represent.

An updated overview is:

The thesis body plans to explore the relationship that the media has in how we digest conflict. Through repurposing of media sources and strategies of comparison and reevaluation, the viewer will be able to liberate the images given to them by the news sources and create stimulation thought and conversation surrounding them.

Newer Ideas

•For projected installation, differing sources of “news” surrounding the shock and awe campaign will be analyzed
- Main idea is how media sources will alter happenings to better suit their controller

- What parts of how we see the world are edited to help secure the interests of those with power

•

•The media is used to give the populace the false feeling of participation in their government’s affairs.

- Repurposing of media images to create stimulating thought and dialogue liberates them

•

•Who decides who is the “freedom fighter” and who is the “jihadist”

Firming Up Concepts

•Ballot box piece- What is one’s voice in democracy? How does the media effect one’s voice? How are those in the Middle East so much different from us?

•

•Presidential piece- Media’s use of creating a personality out of politicians to remove us from the democratic process. Oversaturation of rhetoric and “sound bites” within our experience of events. Ongoing justification of conflict

•

• Helmet piece- What is our connection to conflict? All of us, not just those at war, feel and are responsible for the repercussions of war. As fighting for democracy abroad is portrayed to us with disconnect, fighting over democracy at home is just as harmful.

•

• Projected piece- How is news construed to support the interests of those making it? Where is the desensitization of violence condoned by those informing us? General desensitization of the view of violence because of its portrayal to us.

September 11th, 2011

Today, as we are inundated with horrific images of the biggest national tragedy of our lives as Americans, we need to really put some thought into what this anniversary means to us. The world changed as we knew it on September 11, 2001. To those who can remember the times before, the pain of the change in retrospect is very tangible. Today we remember those who died innocently, even some in acts of heroism. As those who died inhabit our thoughts, we also must decide how we want to remember them. They must be seen as human beings who were lost in an unimaginable act of evil and be remembered for who they were; beautiful individuals, grandmothers, mothers, daughters, sons, fathers, all connected to others by our intricate web of humanity.

We however, cannot view the fallen as some would like us to; victims of an enemy she we must peruse through multiple conflicts and manhunts. Although we can't change what has already happened in the conflicts that we have entered, we can separate the memory of those lost on September 11th with the justification for the securing of interests by those with power. We must not let the legacy of the fallen be more death. This date should remind us of how as a nation we can band together and support our collective society as Americans

In a time of such ridiculous political turmoil, we should look back at the stories of complete strangers who acted with heroism and compassion, attempting to save lives and ease pain. Let the memory of this date remind us that we CAN join together and that the actions of one can make all the difference, especially in the eyes of those in need. We as citizens still have power and voice. Let the images of planes smashing into towers jar us loose from the sensationalist antics of our current politicians and set us free to participate in the system, with informed thought and action. Our actions in response to these images need to be in helping instead of striking, repairing instead of destroying.

Let's also not reserve this thought for the fall, and certainly not every decade. As I said before, every day since has been vastly different and our actions on a daily basis inform the legacy of 9/11. We must be proud of our nationality while still being tolerant for others. Misguided bigotry is no longterm answer to what happened, in fact it only keeps the wound open and fresh for longer. Can we afford for intolerant actions and words to inform the younger generations to inherit a bastardized view of what September 11th means for our collective conscience?

September 11th, 2001 will be remembered, but in what way it is remembered will be it's lasting legacy.

1. PRODUCTION OUTLINE

A.) The installations will be based in sound and video, utilizing constructed/found objects in conjunction

B.) The intended audience is the general public who attend galley shows

C.) The thesis “Generation of Warriors” is intended to comment on the conflicts that entire generations have now been defined by, all stemming from the need to secure interests of their motherland. These conflicts have not only influenced those who have fought, but everyone in very large ways. The socio-political climate that is currently brewing is one of volatility and distrust. Brought upon by stemming issues of colonialism throughout the Middle East, the United States has ushered in a time of recession, scandal, and loss, which has never been seen. The body of work will consist of 4+ individual installations utilizing imagery from not only the conflicts, but from those who have been instrumental in steering our society towards where it is currently. The installations will be sound/video based and use concepts of appropriation relating to combat, protest, government, and revolution along with other concepts. The pieces will be installed in a gallery in a manner of which they can comment on each other while still keeping their voices intact

D.) The themes explored will be: Mass media saturation, the idea of War as myth, Political elitism, political voice, experience of conflict

E.) My relationship to subject and theme is one of direct experience. I am reacting to these issues and making art.

F.) War, democracy, colonialism, myth, 9/11, sensationalism

G.) Using current media sources, the installations comment on the nature of how information is transmitted and the news media affects it. The digital nature of the conflicts we enter comment on how we deal with them and their lasting effects

H.) I plan to show and discuss pieces in the department before the final show of all of the work

I.) My approach is one of layering and comparison. Although I present my ideas in a way of which my opinion is there, it does not overtake the audience, and will allow for open though

J.) No collaborations yet. Possible help from others with installation

K.) Various electrical components, speakers, computers, found media footage, final cut pro, soundtrack pro, headphones,

2. FIELD NOTES, OBSERVATIONS, AND RESEARCH

A.) Richard Mosse, Alfredo Jaar, Janet Cardiff have inspired the ideas behind the thesis.

B.) Some of the theories and subjects that inform the work are post-colonialism, media critique in the form of Noam Chomsky, and some of the post-modern philosophy of Slavjo Zizek

C.) I have been watching multiple news sources, as well as taking in films, movies, and television sources to see how some subjects within the work are treated in the world.

D.) The most problematic aspect of producing my thesis will be to keep true to the concept and not get caught up on small aspects.

E.) The biggest support for my production of the thesis is the sincerity of my feelings towards the subject.

F.) Most of my research has been in the way of literature. I have read Slavjo Zizek, Edward Siad, Chris Hedges, Evan Wright, and Lance Bellet. I have also watched the documentaries Armadillo, Wall, and The Oath. So far from interviews, I have discussed the subjects with friends who are Veterans and others who I have met with knowledge of the conflicts.

G.) Possible subjects and imagery include: Digital War, Digital Camouflage, images of the political process, and images of home front reaction to the conflicts

H.) I plan on creating preliminary compositions to screen with the department and other artists along with the same for videos. Drawings and explanations of the installation topics will also be utilized.

4. RESEARCH OUTLINE

A.) Books:

Orientalism by Edward Said

The Edward Said Reader by Moustafa Bayoumi and Andrew Rubin

War is the Force That Gives Life Meaning by Chris Hedges

Generation Kill Evan Wright

News: The Politics of Illusion by W. Lance Bennett

In Defense of Lost Causes by Slavjo Zizek

B.) Films:

Percepolis by Marjane Satrapi

Wall by Simone Bitton

The Oath by Laura Poitras

Armadillo by Janus Metz Pedersen

C.) Internet research has mainly been based around Wikipedia articles for guidance on what to read on as well as the Magnum website.

D.) Outsiders that I have discussed my project would mainly be considered my family, even though the experiences brought out in the piece have no real outsiders.

E.) I have not contacted any experts as of yet, as I don’t know what would define an expert in this situation

6. BUDGET

(1)Replica helmet $30

(1) Projector (rental) $400

(3)Extension cords $50

(1) mp3 player $25

(1) set of headphones $30

(?) Gallery Bulbs $20

(3) Podiums $100

(100) Post cards $0

Materials for install in gallery $100

Concessions for opening $60

Total: $815

Thoughts on the myth of war

I've been thinking about what the concept of "the myth of war" means to me and my work. I see there being a continuance of multiple conflicts without an incredibly strong benefit for the nation being driven by the myth which is becoming an issue. Creating heroes and morale points out of what is in reality a grotesque situation (as any war is) helps keep a seemingly democratic public interested in supporting the conflicts. Although some conflict is necessary, the current situation has grown out of hand, mainly because of the myth created around the Middle East. The volatility of the myth is not only in continuing interest based conflict but also within creating biases and bigotry towards those being alienated.

Ideas on the media and how it effects us

As I've been reading News The Politics of Illusion I've been thinking about how I feel the media has effected the subjects I'm commenting on. The idea of sensationalizing has emerged as an important subject throughout the text. When sources overuse imagery to create news or feeling out of a seemingly dead topic to in turn drum up ratings, it adversely effects the population tuning in. Many other topics related to sensationalizing are stereotyping, generalizations, overreaction, and misconstruction. These topics stretch beyond "bias" into a realm of danger, where the public is being stimulated just for reaction. Nothing good can come of anything of the sort.

Thesis Concepts

Within the broader concept of "A Generation of Warriors" there are a few underlying ones as well:

Pointing out and commenting on the myth of "War"

Exploring the effect that the media sources have on how we view happenings in the world (i.e. conflict)

The ideas surrounding the current nauture of conflict and how it has desensitized us

How society reacts to conflict as a whole.

MORE TO COME

Rough Artist Statement

After a few experiments in narrative video, my creative mind started to move into the realm of video and sound installation. At first, it was almost exclusively screen based, but starting with a piece dealing with the death of my uncle, the topic of projection started to emerge in my work. Projection of sound or image onto objects of importance has become a trend within my work as a way I explore issues. Sound has also become a large focus within my work, as I am also a passionate musician. I have also explored sound and projection through scientific means in my artwork. I used my visual language to explore fractal existence in water, which fostered incredible growth. Afterwards, I was exposed to a lot of current artwork and realized that mine was lacking a message within our time. Although my old work was interesting, it was little more than form and concept, of which I’m looking to move forward from. This new work is the culmination of growth and research, of which I’m looking to take my artistic practice to another level. Addressing the issues surrounding the conflicts of the “post 9/11” era, my work will take on more than it has previously and begin to connect with the public.

Thesis proposal

PROJECT PROPOSAL:

Working Project Title: Generation of Warriors

Medium: Mixed media, installed

Intended Audience: General public, gallery audience.

Short Summary: An exploration of the sociopolitical climate surrounding the events of the American Occupation/ Intervention of the Mid East.

Summary: The thesis “Generation of Warriors” is intended to comment on the conflicts that entire generations have now been defined by, all stemming from the need to secure interests of their motherland. These conflicts have not only influenced those who have fought, but everyone in very large ways. The socio-political climate that is currently brewing is one of volatility and distrust. Brought upon by stemming issues of colonialism throughout the Middle East, the United States has ushered in a time of recession, scandal, and loss, which has never been seen. The body of work will consist of 5+ individual installations utilizing imagery from not only the conflicts, but from those who have been instrumental in steering our society towards where it is currently. The installations will be sound/video based and use concepts of appropriation relating to combat, protest, government, and revolution along with other concepts. The pieces will be installed in a gallery in a manner of which they can comment on each other while still keeping their vices intact. The exhibit will also be accompanied with a donation opportunity to help support veterans and families of fallen soldiers. This opportunity would allow the exhibit to not only have a commentary, but also have a wider spanning impact, as well as be able to give viewers to interact even further .

Goals:

Conceptual: Using current media sources, the installations comment on the nature of how information is transmitted and the news media affects it. The digital nature of the conflicts we enter comment on how we deal with them and their lasting effects

Historical: The body of work will reference events surrounding 9/11 and how they have extenuated into current times. Historical reference to earlier aspects of political process may be present, although more emphasis is on more current political and social climates.

Cultural: The series references post colonialism as discussed by Edward Said. It also comments on current media culture and how it is used to promote and tell about the current conflicts and the politics that surround them.

Tech. Pursuits: Through the completion of the series, I will improve my craft as well as learn how working with and installing in a gallery is in the “real world”

RESEARCH PROPOSAL:

Topic: Diving deeper into post colonial issues surrounding Current Conflict in the Middle East

Significance to Thesis: The lasting effects of colonialism tie integrally into the subjects within my art, from the West’s idea of the Mid East as well as the underlying causes for our continuing interventions. Studying those who are striving to break the holds that colonialism holds on our culture will give me insight into the issues I’m making art on.

Definition of research: Within learning more about the surrounding circumstances of the conflicts being explored, I will effectively make art in the subject. Topics like Colonialism, politics, and philosophy on conflict will aide in the art making of the thesis process as well as educate in able to facilitate intelligent conversation around the work.

Research Methods:

Fieldwork: Investigate protests, political rallys of the next year

Written Materials: Zizek, Said,

Screenings: Mur, The Oath

Interviews: Veterens, those participating in movements

Already referenced : Chris Hedges, Evan Wright, Zizek, Said, Persepolis

Another end.

Another end to a semester. I learned a lot this time around. Thesis is scary.

eek.

Tonight.

The news that was just aired around the world is gigantic.
It's a point for celebration, if its only a symbolic victory.

I'm not sure what this will change, I can only hope for a positive.
I'd love to see our conflicts wind down.

My interest as of late has been about what the President has discussed this evening. I've been making pieces about the middle east, first championing the revolutions, and then exploring the decisions which drove the U.S. to conflict.

Tonight has given me a lot to think about, and hope for.
This marks another chapter in history for us, especially the "Generation of Warriors"

Senior talks have me pretty freaked out. I only have a year left. I need to start working on my thesis as soon as possible. Expect this place to turn into ground zero for said happenings.

On the up side, I have my final installation worked out, just hafta install when the space opens up.

One more paper to type.

Thesis, commence!

Winding stuff down for another year. I've taken a pretty large leap this semester, and I'm pretty glad that I did. I'm pretty well finalizing my installation and typing away at final papers. Just need to buckle down and get stuff finished. I'm excited to carry on the creation this summer and possibly get some. I've also started pursuing an internship here locally, which is pretty exciting.

Need some good books to read over the summer.

Stuff

Not feelin it lately. Just hafta work through stuff. I know I can do it, just getting burned out.

Recent work

I'm working on making a peice(s) to comment on the recent conflict that has begun in Libya and the political climate on the home front. The focus on the media's role in these subjects is also important, as it effects the public. The main piece that I'm making currently uses not only the current address to the nation, but multiple ones from the past, concerning conflict to express my ideas on the subject.

Tiong Ang

After seeing the exhibit, which included Tiong, and then listening to his talk, it took a while for my feelings on his work and his subjects to solidify an opinion with me. The idea of a global culture is incredibly exciting to me, and I've written a few small blurbs and a term paper over its coming into being. Tiong's ideas were expressed more within his work than his talk, I believe, as the lecture was a bit disjointed to fully grasp meaning from. I see this transference of meaning and existence of the pieces on many levels, as they comments on the levels at which they will be viewed. “Bandits” is multilayered with the cultural implications of covering one’s face as well as the practical, which both comment on the larger issue of pollution, which the entire planet is dealing with. Tiong’s story of his history drove home why a lot of his pieces comment on culture the way they do. Now, an individual can be influenced and influence any number of cultures from anywhere in the world with all of the new media outlets that are at their disposal. An example is how his badminton piece spoke to me about travel just as much as it did his heritage. The national sport’s symbol of the shuttle is bounced back and forth between countries in competitions, just as ideas and citizens are in reality. This travel is happening in such a scale recently that it has become largely overlooked due to exposure. Ang’s spotlighting of this magnificent happening is incredibly crucial in the commentary of the “Global Intimacies” that were shown in the larger exhibit. His interest in cultures also showed within his use of the soap opera in multiple instances, lastly to depict art school. Although largely overblown, his soap opera was entertaining. I feel as though it didn’t have much going conceptually, but his use of the soap is fascinating to me. Many cultures have their unique style and feel of soap opera, but they all still span the gaps, with their overly dramatic almost cliché portrayal of life. To me, that portrayal happens in much more than soaps, as we try to deal with the rest of the world as we all come to grips with how fast information can spread. The recent revolution in Egypt and the ongoing one in Libya can be seen as an example of how information can spread, and how soaps can be written. The media was instrumental in weaving the stories together as the harsh realities came pouring out over the web in Egypt, where as after the conflict was announced in Libya, much of the news coming from the people, which originally resembled Egypt’s in origin, has been kept under wraps, as it cannot be controlled to favor prevailing views.

In the last month, I've seen a lot of work and gotten a lot of inspiration. None of it has translated into work. I'm in a dry spell, and it's no fun. Just gotta work through it I guess.

Reactions to work/ artists to come later today.

Stuff

I just need to keep reminding myself to keep a grasp on everything. Keep it all in the sights.

Need to ratchet it down for midterms and get stuff done.

Richard Mosse and Midterms

A lot has been going on lately, including a really inspiring talk and a ton of work. Richard Mosse's talk was a really great experience in which he gave the audience great insight into how and why he makes his art. The political commentary that he seeks in some of his images made me think of ideas to further my own portfolio. The Tahrir piece has finally come together, and I've gotten some fairly positive feedback from people. Now I guess it's time to start conceptualizing for another.

Tumelo Mosaka

Tumelo exhibited a strong sense of innovation throughout his lecture, which was incredibly exciting. His interest in using new media works to keep the viewer in the gallery and fight the new tendencies of careless viewing that have been spawned by the internet really struck home with me because of my interest in some of the same topics. With new curators striving to keep gallery art alive in the time of Youtube I feel a lot better as an artist striving to eventually be exhibited. Tumelo also showed great strength in creating political commentary through his work with artists. This blending between curator and artist is the future as far as I'm concerned and to be able to work with with a curator who is invested in the community, gallery, and the artist is pretty inspiring.

Hunger

Steve McQueen's first endeavor into narrative film Hunger explores space and event in one of the most perfect ways I've ever witnessed. Every one of his pieces that I've viewed have greatly informed me on how to explore space in one of the most visually rich ways experienced. As an inspiration, Steve stands out as a visual/conceptual leader in the current art world and for me at least, following his work is now without question.

As we are introduced to the Maze, a main character isn't comfortably given to us, which

forces us to pay attention even further. This nondescript narrative lets the viewer use their eyes

and take in more information visually. McQueen is a master of visual composition and

description and uses his newly formed technique to craft the maze into the horrific place of

torture that it actually was. Starting out following a prison worker was an interesting choice,

because it sides with him for at least a short time. The transfer to the voice of Margret

Thatcher to supply crucial information on the story gives more plot substance to the viewer

through propaganda. The cut to the brutal life of a new inmate lets the viewer experience

everything as new, sharing it with the character.

The visual delicacy and patience that is exhibited in the camera work brings out the extreme sense of isolation at some points, while still allowing for "drama" to exhibit its self when needed. The long shot with the clergyman and the inmate exemplifies this in how attached the viewer stays to the plot, even without typical camera movement. Shots like the one of the worker sweeping the urine also give space for the viewer to contemplate, which most movies don't allow for.

The sudden shifts between silence and somewhat tranquility and terrifying violence are also incredibly effective and are used frequently throughout the film. The humiliation of the prisoners also aids the viewer to side with them without receiving any information about them personally. The same happens with the warden as we are introduced to him through his outside life, and then see his assassination in front of his elderly mother. The way that McQueen treated his characters allows the viewers to see them as people and not narrative figure points.

Many of McQueen's pieces explore space in the same way that Hunger does. This style fights against the norm, making the viewer be patient and take in all of the information within the piece. Many artists seem to be focusing on combating the quick and careless eye of the contemporary viewer. Even a few of my pieces deal with the subject. It is clearly a response to what social networks and media have done to our culture and how we now deal with information. The future of art will most definitely be shaped by this subject, and McQueen will be known as an originator of a basis the comment on it.